Tuesday, December 19, 2006

m-Learning Technology

  • Types of m-Learning communication systems.The Hoffman Family


The types of m-Learning systems above. M-Learning systems can be classified by the type of mobile devices (notebooks, tablet PCs, PDAs, cell phones, and so on) and the type of wireless communication technologies (GSM, IEEE 802.11,Bluetooth, etc.) they support. (Evgeniya, Angel, Tsvetozar 2005)

  • Different Comunication Methods
  1. Text Message / SMS
  2. WAP Wireless Application Protocol
  3. GPRS
  4. Bluetooth
  5. WLAN / Wifi
  6. IrDA



Thursday, December 14, 2006

m-Learning Glossary

This section will contain the glossary related to m-Learning. Please feel free to send new entries or corrections for the existing ones.

  • PDA: Personal Digital Assistant
  • PALM: PDA based on the PALM Operating System
  • Pocket PC: PDA based on Windows Mobile Operating System
  • Converged: A device combining PDA with camera, voice recorder, music and video playback, picture viewing etc.

Challenges of m-Learning

  • Connectivity: The connectivity is one of the main differences if we compare a mobile device with the PC (the usual medium for delivering e-learning). Nowadays mobile devices might be connected to ‘The Net’ via many technologies – WAP, GPRS, UMTS, Bluetooth, WiFi, etc. Although it is predictable that in the future the ‘always on’ will be wide spread still it is not the case. Mobile devices often have periods of disconnection, either intentionally (when the connection is too expensive) or not (when no infrastructure is provided).
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-learning
  • Device Limitations: Devices’ hardware and software characteristics have a big impact on what content is possible and meaningful to be delivered. Usually the web content is designed for desktop PCs, thus unpleasant and even rarely useful from a small-screened device. Nowadays mobile phones are rapidly becoming increasingly powerful (both from hardware and software point of view) however their screens will remain comparatively small. Often also the navigation is hard. Equipped with a small phone-style keyboard or a touch-screen (for the PDAs) the users might lose more time in searching where on the page the information they need is than in reading it. We can imagine alternative ways of navigation, for example voice commands. The memory available on a mobile device is also relatively small. It is possible to use extension packs on some devices like PDAs, which reduces some of the restrictions. Devices such as the Nintendo DS raise the bar even higher by providing collaborative gaming. The Nokia N-Gage brings an expandable platform of gaming and mobile communications to the forefront. MP3 players and other portable media devices have also come into the forefront of the mLearning trend with companies using these devices to deploy education to their 'road warrior' sales teams through podcasts or videocasts.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-learning
  • Content:



Friday, December 8, 2006

Different Applications of m-Learning

  • Language Learning: Techrepublic.com lists reasonable number of software applications for language learning that might be used in m-learning arena.

Source:
http://software.techrepublic.com.com/search.aspx?&kw=m-learning&c=1&x=40

  • The European Union is currently funding a three year project called m-Learning. Partners include the Learning and Skills Development Agency, Ultralab, and CTAD. The purpose is to encourage disengaged young people to return to learning, and to attempt to combat the digital divide. m-Learning is a 3 year European research and development program supported by the European Commission's Information Society Technologies (IST) program.
  • Mobile Learning, having drawn a great deal of attention and application in the US and European countries, is just entering China's K-12 and higher education. Several K-12 schools participated in a mobile inquiry program about birds; several others use mobile devices for students and teachers to exchange short text-messaging. In higher education, leading institutions have attempted to create mobile virtual classrooms. The E-learning Lab of Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU), for instance, has successfully delivered sample broadcasts of its online courses to cell phones and PDAs, including a college-level English course to about 50 campus students and 30 online students. Picture of a person using a wireless PDA.Learning while on a trip. As mobile technologies continue to evolve, m-Learning will grow as a rich, collaborative and conversational experience, whether in classrooms, homes, waiting in line, or even while traveling.
Source: http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/mlearning/index.htm

  • Broadcast live talks/lectures to student
    You could have a tutor presenting a talk on the architecture of a particular building. Then the students could decide to either go to the talk or watch it live on their phone as they go round the building in question.
  • Make a mini video library
    Have small video clips of art work so that when students go to an exibition they can have a preview of the work.
  • Exhibit student work
    Students could exhibit their work to other students online.
  • Have an archive of talks/lectures
    Have a video/audio archive of talks/lectures, that students can go though and watch on demand.
Source: http://mlearning.rave.ac.uk/mlearning/home/main.htm


  • Coastline Community College

Click logo to go to Coastline's Military Programs Site

PocketED Program at Coastline Community College

Click here to tell a friend about this site.

MULTIMEDIA:

Sample Navigation Tutorial

This short video was designed for PocketED students to familiarize them with one of the main screens of their course.
Click here to watch this short video



As early as April 2003, Coastline Community College began migrating complete digital courses to handheld devices. A recognized leader and innovator in the field of “Anytime, Anywhere” distance learning, Coastline’s PocketEd offerings deliver a combined course which draws upon the best of complete 13 hour Telecourses, full-featured internet courses and interactive CD-ROM courses on a single SDRAM card for delivery through any Windows Mobile OS enabled device. In late 2004 Coastline Community College launched the PocketEd Program through the Coast Guard, which consisted of 4 beta-classes in the PocketPC environment.

The Management & Supervision 100 course, at a glance, has over 100 screens of content, 75 full motion video interviews and instructional video clips and 23 audio reviews of textbook readings. Also released in late 2004 for beta testing with the Coast Guard were Psychology 100 and Biology 100, which both contained an amazing 13 hours of video content in addition to support screens, navigation tutorial videos and interactive exercises. All of that content is stored on a postage stamp sized SDRAM card that can either be read on the PocketPC or on any standard desktop or laptop computer running a Windows OS.

SDRAM Card and PPC




What is m-learning?

Let's first look at various definitions available out there:


  • A variety of meanings are attached to this emerging paradigm. Some definitions include the aspects which characterise mobile services - such as location independence (Vavoula & Sharples, 2002); others focus on technology related features such as the wireless network infrastructure (Leung & Chan, 2003). Yet another perspective on mLearning relates to its position in relation to the other members of the family of contemporary learning paradigms: distance, online, face-to-face and flexible learning (flexible learning is also known as hybrid, mixed, blended learning).


  • M-learning is the term given to the delivery of training by means of mobile devices such as Mobile Phones, PDAs and digital audio players, as well as digital cameras and voice recorders, pen scanners etc. M-learners are seeking lessons in small, manageable formats that they can undertake when it suits them.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-learning

  • MOBILE LEARNING (m-learning) refers to the use of mobile and pocket IT devices, such as PDAs, mobile phones, and laptops in teaching and learning. (Karen, 2003) It also means people can learn and gain information just from their pocket devices. There is no need to go to the classroom or sit in front of their work station because they can still learn while in sitting in traffic, waiting in line, or even during a trip.
Source: http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/mlearning/index.htm







Advantages of m-Learning


  • No other learning approach matches the integrated, continuous flow of m-learning, seamless access to learning resources: With mobile learning, you can learn and study anywhere - from the classroom to your desktop, or laptop to your pocket. A true mobile learning system allows users to take a course on any device.
  • Freedom, power, and choice: M-learning students can choose where, when, and how they'll study. The new range of options includes online synchronized, online self-paced, downloaded courseware, and computer-based training. M-learning offers new levels of freedom with the ability to exercise control over learning patterns.
  • Organized productivity: With only a cell phone, handheld device, PDA, or hybrid unit, users can access administrative functions, download courses, and review their learning history through a learning management system. M-learning offers an efficient way for learners to access key information and maximize their time.
  • Flexible, portable convenience: The ability to customize learning schedules is a key advantage to m-learning. Learners are not restricted to a specific physical environment, a particular delivery channel, or a fixed set of times for undertaking training and education. Using the latest technology, students can update their knowledge base on a just-in-time basis to prepare for meetings or presentations.

Source: http://wbt.sys-con.com/read/40857.htm

The future of m-Learning

Mobile learning is a new frontier in long-distance learning. As in all new fields there are still a lot of things to discover and try out.

The idea of being able to optimize our time and of always having a device at hand that enables us to study at any moment during the day is indeed very interesting.

The topic becomes even more interesting the moment in which it is possible to use mobile
technology, such as Flash Lite, integrated with software, such as Captivate or Flex, that allows us to create rich and interactive content and to involve the learner.

As Benjamin Franklin said: Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.

So what will be the m-learning environment of the future?

Here are a few ideas:

  • It is in a very early stage of development so it can’t be identified yet.
  • Learning games about geometry have potential for m-learning.
  • Collaborative activity with mobile terminal (such as Nokia communicator) could be a mobile learning environment but this has limitations when compared with a fixed terminal.
  • There may be parallels with the portable C8 devices issued at museums or art galleries (as used in UK).
  • There may also be implications from the fact that only wealthy people have sophisticated mobile phones.
  • Additional problems need consideration, for example, wireless communication blacks out when travelling (when a train is going into tunnel).

What would we like to see happen in the future?

  • Finnish Defence Forces representatives saw difficulties in identifying their requirements but they are actively looking into it. They have a project currently running up until 2012. They are also, putting in a Learning Portal, as the Army traditionally “learns by doing.”
  • “Instant Messaging”, Swedish youth’s want to combine this with mobile phones at a more sophisticated level than is available today.
  • Content of learning? Reading is still the main medium but it can be supported by video, animation etc.. However this can’t be done well through WAP Phones.
  • Swedish Teachers can get extra time off in their holiday if they can show they have done private time study during their working term. How can e-learning be incorporated into this as they are not traditionally “course” orientated?
  • Easier access to small learning objects. What is the real driver for this?
  • Counter argument is the “Learning Objects” actually distorts the concept. Learning should not be so heavily orientated towards content.
  • M-learning needs to get away from the current “Course” mentality.
  • Do we need a better definition of what “Learning” really is about? Is there confusion between knowledge, learning, understanding etc..

Learning Lifestyler

  • Do we need a better understanding of where Learning fits in to an individual’s lifestyle and actual requirements?
  • The first thing to consider is the “Need” and then look at the “Environment” where the learning is to be carried out.
  • The connection between “Knowledge Management” and “Learning” should be considered in the design of delivery system.
  • “Mobility” should refer to a situation where no other access point to a learning source is available. m-learning will probably be a standby secondary tool for learning.
  • Language training is probably a good application for genuine m-learning. It may not need a very sophisticated display, as a good audio link and basic text should be okay. The “Content” is very important for language learning and audio is primary medium.
  • For t-learning, looking at divorcing learning from technology in order to learn. Exactly how much interactivity is required? No research data seems available on this aspect of the value of interactivity vs. content.
  • What do mobile people actually want to access? Is there sufficient motivation to “learn on the run”?
  • Is mobile voice quality good enough for high level language training? Experience in California (University of California) suggests that Internet technology is perfectly adequate.